WINDOWS

Sash Type - A sash is the frame in which the windows are set.  The sash window is described by the number of panes in the frame over and under, for example 6 over 9, 6 over 6, or triple hung by 9.
Mullion - The major vertical part used like a rail to create large subdivisions of a window or a door

Muntins - The bars which subdivide the window sash into small panes and hold the glass.

Casement - A window style used most commonly in buildings of the 1600s and the early 1700s, consisting of small diamond shaped panes.
Arch Shaped - As in the middle of a Palladian window
Palladian Window - A three part window, the middle window is a large arched window, flanked by two rectangular side lights.
Bull's Eye Window - A round or oval window with a circular center with radiating panes
Bay Window - A projection from the facade of a building containing windows that are supported from the ground, either square or polygonal in shape.
Oriel Window - Similar to a bay, except that it is not supported from the ground, but is projecting from the wall usually from an upper floor.  This is very common in the Back Bay of Boston.
Bow Window - Similar to the bay window, except that is curved in shape.